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读~读~读~~~

public speaking and communication...(PSC)^^...

Chapter 1

*Macro functions

~To create & build community

~To promote diversity

*Micro functions

~To define myself

~To spread information

~To debate issues of fact, value & policy

~To effect individual & group change

*Benefits

~Personal & social competencies

~Academic & career skills

~Communication skills

IMPOSSIBLE===>>>I'M POSSIBLE

Chapter 2

*Getting started

~Attitude

~Appearance

~Content

~Integrity

~Language

~Organization

~Timing & pacing

~Voice

*Choose topic that

~you know a lot (experienced & have own knowledge)

~you want to know (interesting )

~follow the guideline & time limit

~you feel comfortable (easy to present)

~you spent time on RESEARCHING not a PERFECT TOPIC

!!! LACK OF PREPARATION WILL SHOW UP IN YOUR PRESENTATION!!!

#########(LIKE SOME LECTURES )########

*Steps in selecting topic

~Generate Ideas

@Brainstorming~ come out many many many ideassss in short time(man=selfish, greedy, money-minded, sex-minded, porn movie & many many many... )

@Personal Inventory~ everything about yourself (why i look beautiful???)

@Clustering~5P CENT (People, Places, Plans, Processes, Problem, Concept,Events, Natural phenomena, Things)

@Reference search~ !!Tool!!==>dictionary, topic finder, periodical databases...

@Internet Search~ Yahoo, Google...

*Select topics==Choose topics^^...

*Focus topics==do not tackle topics that are too broad or too narrow

CONDOM==>>Just cant DO without it...

Chapter 3

*Tips for doing research

1. Start early--give u time to think

2. Make a preliminary bibliography

*personal filling file

~Article file--article on topics that interest u

~Quotation file--collections of memorable, important passages

~Speech file--materials or note on preparation & delivery a speech

3. Take notes efficiently--use index card if written by hand

4. Analyse materials--to get new idea

*Organization

1.Introduction

~Attention statement

-- help listener tune in to the speech(get their interest)

--use presentational aids to grab their attention

--rhetorical question~a transition leading to what u say

--response question~need audience answers

--surprising fact~to arouse audience curiosity

~Purpose statement

--inform audience your views, objective & main idea

--give direction to audience

--bring subject area to focus

2. Body

~Supporting information--supporting material to elaborate on main idea

~Transition-- A phrase leading 1 idea to another

--smooth, logical flow of idea

##Pattern of body

topical--got several point to present

problem-solution--problem>>solution of it

chronological-- time sequence

spacial-- physical space and area

causal--cause>>effect

pro-con--advantage >> disadvantage

Gimmick/Mnemonic --1st letter of each main points stands for a word or rhymes

3. Conclusion

~summary-summarize main idea

~Reinforcement of thesis-- highlight significance

*Modes of delivery

Impromptu speaking--focus on what is being to say

--be prepare

--give a direct response

--keep it short

--move toward the conclusion

Fully scripted speech

~speaking from manuscript--advance~easy to delivery

~include many details

--dis-advance~difficult to prepare

~reduced audience contact

~boring

~Memorizing --advance~giving a different occasion

~more audience contact

--dis-advance~difficult to memorize

~sound memorized

~lack naturalness

Speaking Extemporaneously--prepared, delivered without note

--work from an outline

--know what you are saying

--natural

--maintain eye contact

--confident

@@@SLOW DOWN...EYE CONTACT@@@

Chapter 4

*Importance using visual aid

`increase message clarity

`increase speaker dynamic

`reinforce message impact

`enhance speaker confidence

*Types of Presentation aid

`Graphics

`Electronic aid

`Projection

`Object

`Handout

`Audio or others

*Supporting material

~purpose--clarity~to understand

--vividness~to remember

--Credibility~to make them believe

~types--definition

--statistical data

--explanation

--example

--interest grabber

%%SHIT:Holy me...they r after us! FUCK:What the me are we gonna to do?%%

Chapter 5

*Public speaking carry ethical responsibilities, not to be abused

~observed every stage of speech making process

*Ethics

--tell truth, be honest

--avoid plagiarism

--keep information in perspective

--be tolerant

--set goal

--be prepared

--avoid name-calling

--use truthful supporting material

*plagiarism~~present others language or idea as your own

global--stealing entirely from single source and passing it as own

patchwork--copying from 2 or 3 sources

incremental--borrowed from other people

`quotation--attributing word to that people

`paraphrases--restate or summarize an author' s idea in own words

*Prevent plagiarism

`don't do last minute work

`find a large number of sources in your research

`cite your source

!!!COPYCAT!!!

Chapter 6

*Communication anxiety

`Signs

--butterflies in stomach

--hands shaking

--cold hands/ feet

--blank mind

--cold sweat

--dry mouth

`Symptoms

--attitude toward public speaking

--origin from childhood

--previous experience

`way to overcome

--Visualization~systematic desensitization>>frightening event

--positive nervousness: energize speaker

***SO, IT'S OK TO FEEL NERVOUS!!

Chapter 7

*Guideline to build confidence

1. Know how to react to stress

--predict, anticipate and cope with it

eg. if your hands shake ---don't hold paper

2.Know your speech

--don't memorize entire speech

eg. memorize only the main point

3.Know speech principle

--use effective introduction

eg. how to develop key idea, construct body and conclude speech

4.Believe your topic

--believe what you say will benefit audience

eg. love your topic,you will become deeply involve in delivery your speech

5.Identify your strength and weakness

--use your voice, body, mind, personality to your advantages

eg. if not good in delivery hamour, don't start with a joke

6.Practice your delivery

--practice from the start to the end without stopping

eg. time yourself-do not excess the time limit given

7. Project to confidence

--to feel confident, you need to act confident

eg. walk confidently, talk confidently, look directly to audience

8. Visualization success

--a method to reduce anxiety>>helping speaker develop a mental picture of themselves giving a success speech

eg. picture that you are giving a successful speech from the beginning to the end.

9.Learn from experience

--After each speech, access your performance

eg. focus on what worked and did, how audience reacted....

~~CONFIDENCE---I AM SO BEAUTIFUL...^^...

Chapter 8

*Communication(latin=communicare)

--make common to many

--share

--impart

--divide

*types

~vocal

speech--word, language,sentence

non-speech--sound that we create

~non-vocal

tactile--touch

olfactory--smell

visual--sight

proxemics--distance,space.

*the triangle of meaning

~interpreter--speaker / listener>>someone communicate

~symbol--anythings to which people attach to meaning

~referent--object and idea that symbol represents>>depend on each individual knowledge and experience

*5 levels

intrapersonal

interpersonal

group

public

mass

*7 elements

speaker

message

listener

feedback

channel/medium

environment

noise

Why is that nerd staring at me...!!!

Chapter 9

*Ethnicity

stereotype

racism

prejudice

discrimination

GAY AND LESBIAN==AIDS

Chapter 10

*Audience analysis

demographics--things that we can count or sure>>gender, age, racial...

situational--types(voluntary/captive), size of audience

psycho-graphic--things that we can not count or sure>>belief, attitude, values, behaviors

*Specific content

size of audience--larger=more formal

smaller=more informal

physical environment--indoor/outdoor, sitting/ standing audience

occasion--purpose of audience gathering

time of speech--duration

sequence of event--try to make connection with previous speech

*Understanding context--anything that has happened in immediate past

*Context of recent speech

Preliminary tuning effect

--created by a previous speech>>affect audience to respond +ve/-ve to your speech

overcome -ve preliminary tuning

--modify the introduction

--use humour to lighten the atmosphere

*Context of recent event--audience's knowledge of local, national & international event.

*Audience size will affect in--manner of presentation, delivery, language, use of visual aids, choice of appeal.

*Listening VS Hearing

1.active, learned,voluntary skill 1.passive,naturally skill

2.required energy and effort to make 2.require no effort on receiver

sense of what we hear.

3.a chance to participate in the process 3.physical process=sound wave

stimulate nerve impulses to brain

4.gain new info, laugh, be entertain 4.automatic,innate ability

*Listening process

1.Receive--hearing sounds

2.Select--attending, high selective process,less attention on filter out others

3.Interpret--attach meaning to message

4.Understand--relate to exist knowledge or belief>>what speaker trying to do(based on content & context).

5.Evaluate--judging and criticising the reliability of speaker and quantity of info.

6.Resolve--deciding what to do.(answering)

Chapter 11

Strategies for getting audience's attention

1.Question your audience

rhetorical-stimulates thought but not elicit a response.

direct-seeks an audience's response.

2.Arouse curiosity

technique of suspense,get audience wondering what is to come.

eg.startle them with an arresting statement.

3.Stimulate imagination

requires good audience analysis

eg.relating personal experience

4.Promise something beneficial

fulfill audience needs

eg.how to save money

5.Energize your audience

how you carry and portray yourself

eg.appearance, voice..

6.Amuse your audience

humour make audience laugh, relax, alert and more receptive to your speech

7.Tell a story

be it dramatic or suspenseful

8.Acknowledge and compliment your audience

make them a part of your speech

9. Use visual aid

engage audience sense and attention

How to build speaker-audience-topic relationship

1.Establish your credibility --use reliable supporting materials,evidence, statistic

2.Refer to audience--relate your message to audience

3.Refer to occasion--refer to the reason of the audience gathered

4.Express your pleasure in speaking

5.Express similarities with audience--create a bond with them

Chapter 12

*Type of speech

1.Speech of introduction

--introducing a speaker>>done by MC...

2.Speech of presentation

--before conferring an award, a price or recognition

3.Acceptance speech

--response to speech of presentation

--recipient of award

--thank

4.Speech of tribute

--honouring somebody

5.Speech to entertain(to make u happy)

--make a point through the creative, humour.

6.Impromptu speech

--limited , no advance preparation

7.Videotaped speech

--a speech taped

Chapter 13

*3 dimension of the message

1.primary message

--verbal content

--word of speaker uses to express idea

2.Auxiliary message

--oral dimension(control by audience)

--tone, vocal,eye contact.

3.Secondary message

--not part of speaker's plan

--created by audience due to characteristic of speaker has no control

--race, gender,age...

*Non-verbal communication

~posture

~gesture

~movement

~eye contact

*Vocal communication

~volume

~projection

~pitch

~vocal emphasis

~rate of delivery

*Emphasising key point

~repetition--repeating the important points

~pointer phrases--highlight the important key words

~oratorical emphasis--use of gesture,change in volume

~visual reinforcement--using visual aid

*Respond to question

1.know your subject

show your audience you know what you are talking

eg.use different words

2.Anticipate question

welcome opportunity to clarify your points

3.Be succinct

answer question directly

4.Encourage involvement

question period should move rapidly& involve as many as people possible

5.Maintain control

--don't let anyone take the floor away from you

6.Know when to stop

--close the presentation with a final comment

THERE IS ALL FOR PUBLIC SPEAKING AND COMMUNICATION...THANK YOU...